Complete Anatomy and Physiology II Exam 2 Practice Test 2026

Hemoglobinuria reflects free hemoglobin in urine due to intravascular hemolysis. When red blood cells are destroyed in the bloodstream, hemoglobin is released into the plasma. If the hemoglobin overwhelms the binding capacity of haptoglobin, free hemoglobin is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine, giving it a red to brown color. This differs from hematuria, where intact red blood cells appear in urine and can be seen on microscopic exam. The other options describe bacteria in urine (bacteriuria), white blood cells in urine (pyuria), and protein in urine (proteinuria), which are not signs of hemoglobinuria.